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GRE330+自学出坑指南丨Argument攻击套路1:调查问题

2018-09-18 0:34:15

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11.
The mayorprovides no evidence that the survey’s respondents are representative of the overallgroup of people whose... [被调查者的代表性]
Lacking such evidence, it is entirely possible that people inclined to ... were more willing to respond to the surveythan other people were. 
In short, without better evidence that the survey is statistically reliable[调查的统计是可靠的] the mayorcannot rely on itto draw any firm conclusions about....

28. 
The number of participants, 100, might constitute an insufficiently small sample to draw any reliable conclusions about...
Also, the sample might be unrepresentative of district studnets as a group.

142.
The author provides no evidence that the study’s results arestatistically reliable. 
In order to establish a strong correlation between dietary iron and heart diseases, the study’s sample must be sufficient in size[样本大小] and representative of the overall population of[样本代表性] heart-disease victims.
Lacking evidence of a sufficiently representative sample, theauthor cannot justifiably rely on the study to draw any conclusion whatsoever.

144.
The author’s conclusions about...depend on theassumption that the poll results arestatistically reliable. 
Yet, the author offers no evidence to substantiate thisassumption.
The author must show that ... polled constitute a sufficiently large sample of ...[样本大小], andthis sample is representative of all such ....[代表性]
Otherwise, the author cannotconfidently draw any general conclusions about...

158.
The Council has not convinced me that ... in the survey arerepresentative of ...—in terms of ...
It is entirely possible that...
The 300 people in the study are not necessarilyrepresentative of the state’s general population—in terms of ... 
For example, perhaps...Or perhaps... 
In short, lacking evidence that... theCouncil cannot convince me that...

174.
The memo provides no evidence that theresults of either of the two surveys are statistically reliable.
Besides, the memo provides no information about what percentageof ... responded to the surveys[参加调查的人数比例,也是样本大小]; the lower thepercentages, the less reliable the results of the surveys.


181.
A final problem with the argument involvesthe two studies themselves. The letter provides no information about howeither study was conducted[调查是如何进行的].
Without konwing whether the sample of ... was representative of[代表性]the overall ... population ..., it is impossible toconfidently apply the studies’ results to that population.
Moreover, we are not informed about the size of thesample[样本大小]in either study; the smaller the sample, the less reliable the study’sconclusion.

186.
A threshold problem with the argumentinvolves the statistical reliabilityof the survey.
The director provides no evidence thatthe number of respondents is statistically significant[ 样本大小]or that the respondentswere representative of ... in general[代表性].
Lacking information aboutthe randomness and size of the survey’s sample,the director cannot make a convincing argument based on that survey.

Even if the survey’s respondents are representative of theentire population of ..., the argument relies on the assumption that the responses themselves are reliable[被调查者的可信性].
Yet the director ignores the possiblilitythat...
Lacking evidence that the respondents’ reports were bothtruthful and meaningful, the director cannotconfidently draw any conclusions about ...from them.

188.
One problem with the argument is that since the studyinvolved only 48 people it is impossible to confidently draw any conclusions aboutthe general population from it.

201.
The survey must be shown to be reliablebefore I can accept any conclusions based upon it. 
Specifically, the responses must beaccurate, and therespondents must be statistically significantin number and representative of the overall [样本大小和代表性]... interms of ...
Without evidence of the survey’sreliablity, it is impossible to draw any firm conclucions about ... based onthe survey.

220.
The article’s author has not shown the study upon which theargument denpends to be statistically reliable.
The people studied must be representativeof the overall population of people who...; otherwise the author cannot drawany firm conclusions about ... based on the study’s results.

221.
The survey that the argument cites ispotentially problematic in three respects.
First, we are not informed whether the survey’srespondents were representative of the overall population of . The smaller thesample, the greater the possiblity for biased results, and the less reliablethe survey.
Second, ... ; yet it is entirely possiblethat...
Third, we are not informed that ...;however, if... , then the survey results would be less reliable than if thesurvey embraced a wider range of ...
The smaller the range the less reliable anygeneral conclusions drawn from the survey.

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